The equation for the Williamson synthesis is, #"R-X + R"_1"-O"^"-" "R-O-R"_1 + "X"^"-"#. K2SO3 is Base. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Ill tell you the Acid or Base list below. For example, NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O Since both the acid and base are strong, the salt produced would be neutral. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. considered an acid. Determine whether aqueous solutions of the following salts are acidic, basic, or neutral: Al(OH)_3 is a weak base, HNO_3 is a strong acid, RbOH is a strong base, HI is a strong acid, KOH is a strong base, H_2CO_2 is a weak acid, CH_3NH_3OH, Hbr is a stron; Consider solutions of the following salts: a. NH_4NO_3; b. KNO_3; c. Al(NO_3)_3. Share this. What are the products formed when potassium carbonate reacts with nitric acid? The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. HCl; Mg(OH) 2 C 5 H 5 N; Solution. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". After completing his doctoral studies, he decided to start "ScienceOxygen" as a way to share his passion for science with others and to provide an accessible and engaging resource for those interested in learning about the latest scientific discoveries. List molecules Acid and Base. Over the past few years, potassium carbonate (K2CO3) has been widely used as mild base catalyst in many organic reactions such as monomethylation reactions (18), O-alkylation (19), synthesis of 2H-chromenes (20), thiolysis of epoxides (21), Knoevenagel and Nitroal- dol Condensation (22). K a 1 of H X 2 C O X 3 is 4.30 10 7 and K a 2 of H X 2 C O X 3 is 4.72 10 11 .The approximate p H of the solution can be given by: p H = ( p K a 1 + p K a 2) 2 This yields p H = 8.347, which indicates that the solution is mildly basic. Conjugao Documents Dicionrio Dicionrio Colaborativo Gramtica Expressio Reverso Corporate. NH 4 C 2 H 3 O 2 is indeterminate. It is a white salt, which is soluble in water and forms a strongly alkaline solution. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. k2Co3 is basic salt. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. See Answer Question: Classify these salts as acidic, basic, or neutral. The carbonate is basic enough to convert some of the alcohol to the alkoxide. March 31, 2022 by guillaume boivin Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is a commonly used base in organic chemistry. KNO3 is a neutral salt as it is made from the neutralization reaction of the strong acid(HNO3) with a strong base(KOH).Is Potassium nitrate (KNO3) an acid or base or salt? Was this answer helpful? Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Uncompromising dealing with dirt, it remains gentle on the surface being cleaned. Potassium Carbonate can work as a base by creating potassium hydroxide by the break down of carbonate into carbon dioxide and water. To understand whether H 2 CO 3 is an acid or base, look out the two important theories of the acid-base concept (a).Arrhenius theory (b).Bronsted-Lowry theory. At 1200 C, it decomposes into K+O+CO (Chemiday). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". @Zhe we are given $K_a$ and not $K_b$. Explain why the ionization constant, Ka, for HI is larger than the ionization constant for HF. The change in concentration of [CO23] [ C O 3 2 ] becomes (0.1-x) M. Thus, the pH of 0.1 M potassium carbonate is 11.626. 32. Accordingly, is kclo4 an acid or base? The information of k2co3 acid or base is constantly complemented and updated on echemi.com. 0000000016 00000 n Traduo Context Corretor Sinnimos Conjugao. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Potassium carbonate is considered a weak base. It is a Lewis acid/base generic complex and a strong oxidizing agent. Whichever is stronger would decide the properties and character of the salt. $$\ce{K_{b(CO_3^{-2})}}=\frac{[OH^-][HCO_3^-]}{[CO_3^{-2}]} =\frac{K_w}{K_{a(HCO_3^-)}}=\frac{10^{-14}}{5\times 10^{-11}}=\ce{2\times10^{-4}}$$ Why is K2CO3 basic? Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! An aqueous solution of a stronger base and weak acid will acquire more property of basic rather than an acid. PUGVIEW FETCH ERROR: 403 Forbidden National Center for Biotechnology Information 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20894 USA Contact Policies FOIA HHS Vulnerability Disclosure National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Are there tables of wastage rates for different fruit and veg? An aqueous solution of KC2H3O2 will be basic. Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula KNO3. Tradues em contexto de "weak bases" en ingls-portugus da Reverso Context : In and of themselves, pH indicators are frequently weak acids or weak bases. Potassium carbonate is mainly used in the production of soap and glass. Browse diverse articles and stories on k2co3 acid or base. What is K2CO3 made of? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. How to show that an expression of a finite type must be one of the finitely many possible values? Complete answer: Trisodium phosphate is highly soluble in water. Over the past few years, potassium carbonate (K2CO3) has been widely used as mild base catalyst in many organic reactions such as monomethylation reactions (18), O-alkylation (19), synthesis of 2H-chromenes (20), thiolysis of epoxides (21), Knoevenagel and Nitroal- dol Condensation (22). Don't forget to measure the exact mass or the molarity of KOH/K2CO3.Repeat this determination several times to find the right equivalence point, this is important by these kind of quality controls. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. $\ce{HCO_3^-}\ (K_{a(HCO_3^-)}={5\times10^{-11}})$, so this solution will alkaline. Acidic Basic Neutral NH4ClO4 K2CO3 KCl LiNO3 NaF Potassium Carbonate | K2CO3 - PubChem Apologies, we are having some trouble retrieving data from our servers. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. It is basic when dissolved in water What was done in the experiment to ensure that all KHCO3 was react? What functional groups are found in proteins? Salts that produce H+ ions when dissolved in water making it acidic solutions are Acidic salts. H3PO4) its a bit more complicated and we need to use Ka and Kb to determine the pH of the resulting solution.More chemistry help at http://www.Breslyn.org. CO3-2 is the conjugate K2CO3 (Potassium carbonate) is a base. Share Improve this answer 0000007819 00000 n CaCl2 molecules When the following two solutions are mixed: K2CO3 (aq)+Fe (NO3)3 (aq) the mixture contains the ions listed below. Carbonic Acid | CH2O3 | CID 767 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. So, when H 2 CO 3 is dissolved in an aqueous . k2Co3 is basic salt. 0000000736 00000 n To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. The pKa of its conjugate acid is 10.25. As the halide reacts with the alkoxide, the position of equilibrium is disturbed and, according to Le Chtelier's Principle, the equilibrium shifts to the right to restore the equilibrium. acetone. Perhaps they gain the characteristic of their dominant parent: the acid or base. 6 22 You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. 0000014076 00000 n Can I tell police to wait and call a lawyer when served with a search warrant? By Bagus Amin - 6:00 PM - Add Comment. weak acid H2CO3. 2 Answers. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. How many times should a shock absorber bounce? 2KHCO 3 K 2 CO 3 +CO 2 +H 2 O2KHCO3K2CO3+CO2+H2O Applications of Potassium Bicarbonate. The correct answer is that NaClO, K2CO3, and NaF will form basic soltions. Thanks for contributing an answer to Chemistry Stack Exchange! InChI=1S/CH2O3.2K/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2, InChI=1/CH2O3.2K/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their. You need to ask yourself questions and then do problems to answer those questions. Do you expect a solution of K2CO3 to be acidic basic or neutral? Most effective when combined with the K2 detailing brush.K2 APC NEUTRAL universal cleaner 1L. (V*C)acid = (V*C)base C= concentration and V = volume. I am unsure of which $\mathrm pK_\mathrm a$ I should consider. The carbonate reacts with the alcohol to produce an alkoxide. When dissolved in water, sodium carbonate forms carbonic acid and sodium hydroxide. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. amny acid molecules are needed to neutralise the base. The chemical formula for the base calcium hydroxide is Ca(OH)2. %PDF-1.4 % The information of k2co3 acid or base is constantly complemented and updated on echemi.com. Potassium carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2CO3. Chapter 4 / Lesson 17. K2CO3 is also known as potash carbonate and is used in fertilisers, agrochemicals, heat-resistant glass, soaps, and in the manufacturing of other chemical compounds. 2. pH of a weak acid/base solution. Ka = Dissociation constant of acid. The pKa of its conjugate acid is 10.25. Carbonic acid is a weak acid and potassium hydroxide is a strong base. The main hazard is the environmental danger. Traduo Context Corretor Sinnimos Conjugao. trailer Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Tradues em contexto de "bases fracas" en portugus-ingls da Reverso Context : Os indicadores de pH so frequentemente cidos ou bases fracas. National Institutes of Health. Strong and Weak Bases These high-valent complexes are intermediates in electrochemical water oxidation processes that are of importance in the development of new water splitting technologies. around the world. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. K2CO is a basic salt from neutralization of strong base KOH and It combines strength and delicacy, resulting from a neutral pH. POTASSIUM SULFITE, also known as potassium sulphite, belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal sulfites.Structure for FDB015405 (Potassium sulfite (K2SO3)). Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Is K2CO3 and acid or base? Potassium Carbonate can work as a base by creating potassium hydroxide by the break down of carbonate into carbon dioxide and water. endstream endobj 7 0 obj <> endobj 8 0 obj <> endobj 9 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 10 0 obj <> endobj 11 0 obj <> endobj 12 0 obj [/ICCBased 22 0 R] endobj 13 0 obj <>stream 0000000916 00000 n its name is potassium carbonate and it is basic. acetone. 0000008877 00000 n To be a strong base, the substance needs to basically completely dissociate in an aqueous solution to give high pH. Potassium carbonate ( K2CO3 ) is known as pearl ash. LiClO4. All steps. Carbonic acid is a weak acid and potassium hydroxide is a strong base. 28864 views Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. The balanced reaction for the decomposition of potassium carbonate to form potassium oxide and carbon dioxide is K2CO3K2O+CO2 K 2 C O 3 K 2 O + C O 2 . k2so3 acid or base ? It is deliquescent, often appearing a damp or wet solid. How to analyze a acid and salt mixture using titrimetry? The question is to find out the $\mathrm{pH}$ of $\pu{0.5 M}$ $\ce{K2CO3}$ solution. Little of the carbonate goes to bicarbonate, so to two significant figures you really don't need the quadratic solution. Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate), commonly known as baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. But theres a catch. 0000003455 00000 n NH4Cl is acidic salt. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. what is. KOH is a strong base, and we know that strong bases dissociate (ionize) 100% in water. Use MathJax to format equations. It is deliquescent, often appearing as a damp or wet solid.CHEBI:131526 potassium carbonate. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? If it does not dissociate 100%, it is a weak acid. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. It presents a large capacity to absorb moisture. What functional groups are present in carbohydrates? Potassium nitrate/IUPAC ID Seems good enough. Potassium carbonate is formed by the reaction of carbonic acid and potassium hydroxide. Is K2CO3 acid or base? Heating this solid above 200C (392F) gives the anhydrous salt. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. A Lewis base is defined as any species that can donate a pair of electrons, and a Lewis acid is any species that can accept a pair of electrons. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. 1. Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? Considering that CO3, or carbonic ACID, this substance would be MITs Alan , In 2020, as a response to the disruption caused by COVID-19, the College Board modified the AP exams so they were shorter, administered online, covered less material, and had a different format than previous tests. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? pH is less than 7. Can Martian Regolith be Easily Melted with Microwaves, About an argument in Famine, Affluence and Morality. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The effect of loading alkaline earth metal oxides on sulfated alumina-zirconia (S/AZ), as a nanocatalyst in esterification of oleic acid (OA) and transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) was experimentally investigated. K2CO3 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) K2SO4 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) From the above equation 1mole of K2CO3 reacts with 1mole of H2SO4. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. NH4Cl is acidic salt in nature formed from the neutralization of strong acid (HCl) with a weak base (NH4OH). Wittenberg is a nationally ranked liberal arts institution with a particular strength in the sciences. Acid. Explanation: In the Bronsted-Lowry definition, bases are proton acceptors. Find the concentration of the HCl solution when mixed with 1.265g of ACES-K+. Find an answer to your question k2co3 is neutral salts,acidic , basic. Potassium carbonate (K2 CO3 )is a commonly used base in organic chemistry. Example: Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is a basic salt. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. 0000001730 00000 n What is meant by the competitive environment? Since $\ce{K2CO3}$ is a salt of weak acid and strong base hence its pH is given by How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner, Redoing the align environment with a specific formatting. It is a white salt, which is soluble in water. 0000005889 00000 n K2CO3 potassium carbonate on hydrolysis gives KOH which is a strong base and is highly ionisable and therefore the solution becomes strongly basic. An aqueous solution of stronger acid and weak base will acquire more property of acidic rather than a base. Lewis bases tend to be even stronger than the strong Arrhenius bases because their conjugate acids are so weak. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. and CO3, isn't called carbonic acid, it is called carbonate. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Acid. from. Write structural formula(condensed) for all the primary , secondary and tertiary haloalkanes An alcohol has the molecular formula C4H10O write the structural formulae of the isomers to show See all questions in Quick Introduction of Structures. The pH is less than 7. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Carbonate is made of one carbon and three oxygens . Introduction. Clean-running Potassium carbonate Electrolyte in an 60 gram packet. If you want to quickly find the word you want to search, use Ctrl + F, then type the word you want to search. 0000014310 00000 n 0 0 Similar questions \ce{H2CO3 + H2O &<=> H3O+ + HCO3-} & K_\mathrm a &= \pu{4.0*10^{-7}}\\ Potassium chromate is an inorganic compound with the formula K 2 CrO 4. $\mathrm{K}_{b}$ of the conjugate base is $\mathrm{K}_{a}$ of the acid. K2CO3 (Potassium carbonate) is a base. Write down the actual (equilibrium) reaction that develops between carbonate ion and water when one proton is exchanged (only full-fledged strong acids or bases might exchange a second proton to any significant extent). When k2co3 is added to water How will the pH change? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Oregon election results 2020 by county; Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal sulfites. The C2H3O2- is from a weak acid ( HC2H3O2 ), thus it is a basic ion. 1. When soil pH is too high, it can pose problems for plant health and growth. Potassium ion (K+) is not considered to have much in the way of acidity or basicity because it has a full octet of electrons in its outer valence shell. In laboratory chemistry, this is most often accomplished by the using potassium carbonate. The aqueous solution of ammonium chloride is slightly acidic having a pH value range from 4.5 to 6. The K+ is the cation of a strong base ( KOH ), thus it is a neutral ion and has no effect on the pH of the solution. acetaminophen. Is K2CO3 Acidic Basic Neutral? The fine, white powder remaining was the pearl ash. How to handle a hobby that makes income in US, Doubling the cube, field extensions and minimal polynoms. K3PO4 in solution is basic. 21K views 2 years ago To tell if K2CO3 (Potassium carbonate) forms an acidic, basic (alkaline), or neutral solution we can use these three simple rules along with the neutralization reaction that. It depends on the precision of the answer. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The Carbon Dioxide molecule will leave the solution as a gas, the water will become part of the solvent liquid of the solution leaving the solution more basic because of the presence of two "new" basic potassium hydroxide molecules. Later, we extended the definition of an acid or a base using the more general definition proposed inAll rights reserved. What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? Pearl ash is hygroscopic, deliquescent powder white. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Emoticon Emoticon. 0000001170 00000 n $$\ce{CO3^{2-} + H2O <=> OH- + HCO3-},\ K_{\mathrm{b}} = ?$$, @MaxW I edit my answer your comment makes the calculation easy. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. How can I draw the following amines: butan-1-amine, pentan-2-amine, propan-1,2-diamine? It is used as an insecticide, pesticide, and rat poison. Definition of pearl ash : potassium carbonate sense a especially : an impure product obtained by partial purification of potash from wood ashes. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Spectator ions K+, NO3 IONs, Fe3+, (CO3)2- It is a white salt, which is soluble in water. If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. pH is above 7. K2SO3 is basic or base. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The applications . Given acid base reaction is. H 2 C O 3 + 2 K O H K 2 C O 3 + H 2 O It is produced by the passage of carbon dioxide through an aqueous potassium carbonate solution. If the Cs2CO3 is in water then I would expect that the pKas for the base are the same as those for K2CO3, Na2CO3 and. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Therefore, the resulting salt formed by their reaction will be basic salt. K2CO3 can accept 2. so twice as The reaction is shown below. 0000002104 00000 n These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The winners are: Princetons Nima Arkani-Hamed, Juan Maldacena, Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten. It is commonly used to deprotonate moderately acidic protons such as phenols (pKa ~10) and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (pKa ~9-13). Strong base + strong acid = neutral salt Strong base + weak acid = basic salt Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is a white salt, soluble in water (insoluble in ethanol) which forms a strongly alkaline solution. 31K. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Name or Molecular Formula Type of Acid or Base Potassium formate Weak base NaClO 4 Spectator ions Ammonium Nitrate Weak acid (CH 3)NH 3Br Weak acid What is K2CO3 used for in organic chemistry? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. What am I doing wrong here in the PlotLegends specification? The carbonate radical anion is a strong one-electron oxidant that oxidizes appropriate electron donors via electron transfer mechanisms (19). He also shares personal stories and insights from his own journey as a scientist and researcher. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. What is the structure of the functional group and the condensed formula for 4,4,5-triethyl What reactants combine to form 3-chlorooctane? It is a potassium and bromate salt and an ionic compound [2, 3]. I think there will be anionic hydrolysis of the salt. Since alkoxide ions are highly reactive, they are usually prepared immediately prior to the reaction or are generated on the spot. Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide react together to produce sodium chloride and water. Potassium perchlorate is the inorganic salt with the chemical formula KClO4. Potassium Nitrate 2 Answers. 2) www.sigmaaldrich.com: Potassium carbonate (link), 3) Reich, H. J.; Rigby, J. H.; Handbook of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Acidic and Basic Reagents. The nitrogen in C 5 H 5 N would act as a proton acceptor and therefore can be considered a base, but because it does not contain an . But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Khco3 ( potassium bicarbonate ) is base what is an acid, base, neutral ? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Potassium bicarbonate is a white, crystalline, slightly alkaline and salty substance. Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is a white salt, soluble in water (insoluble in ethanol) which forms a strongly alkaline solution. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. History. KClO is a salt. It is commonly used to deprotonate moderately acidic protons such as phenols (pKa 10)and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. base of a weak acid (HCO3-, bicarbonate) K2CO3 is actually a base. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Historically, pearl ash was created by baking potash in a kiln to remove impurities. The two K +1 ions that were a part of the Potassium Carbonate ionic molecule then combine with the two OH- ions to form two ionic KOH molecules. Given the concentration of this solution ,the pH should be sufficiently high to preclude the formation of any significant amount of $\ce{H_2CO_3}$ , so the solution of this problem as a solution of a monoprotic weak base: While Arrhenius bases are used as aqueous solutions, the superbases deprotonate water, reacting with it completely. The E2 trans elimination of HBr is mediated with (mild) potassium carbonate. Potassium Phosphate is an inorganic compound used as a laxative, dietary supplement and for electrolyte-replacement purposes. The carbonate radical (CO3) is a strong oxidative radical that is generated via the reactions of HCO3/CO32 with hydroxyl radical (HO) or triplet states of dissolved organic matter (3DOM) in sunlit surface water. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Answer : KHCO3 ( Potassium bicarbonate ) is base What is an acid, base, neutral ? However, higher yields are generated from the use of Na2CO3 as a base, which is 97.68% or in other words higher than K2CO3. CO3^2- has the conjugate acid HCO3^-, which is a weak acid, therefore it is a weak base. 1. How did the Marshall Plan help stabilize Europe after World War II?
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