The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists offers the following recommendations and conclusions: Confidential care for adolescents is important because it encourages access to care and increases discussions about sensitive topics and behaviors that may substantially affect their health and well-being. At the initial visit, the obstetriciangynecologist should discuss the following issues with the parent or guardian and the patient: 1) the meaning and importance of confidentiality; 2) the scope of confidentiality protection; and 3) the limitations of confidentiality 1. Blythe MJ, Del Beccaro MA. Standards for health information technology to ensure adolescent privacy. (Eds.). Only individuals who are legally authorized to have access to patient data for a legally permissible purpose should be given access to patient you may experience negative reactions ranging from maltreatment to a breach of confidentiality and even to unfair dismissal. pros and cons Leawood, KS: AAFP; 2018. Parent or guardian access to the patients visit notes through the electronic patient portal poses the potential that confidential and sensitive information may be accessed, resulting in a breach of confidentiality and potentially adverse outcomes for the adolescent patient. Obstetriciangynecologists and other health care providers and institutions that establish an electronic health record (EHR) system should consider systems with adolescent-specific modules that can be customized to accommodate the confidentiality needs related to minor adolescents and comply with the requirements of state and federal laws. Washington, DC: NIHCM; 2011. We want to work with you to help your adolescent make the best choices for a healthy future. Health Plans: Any individual or group plan that provides or pays the cost of health care. During this era of socialized medicine, there are both pros and cons of confidentiality, rights, safety, and the security of the patients. | Terms and Conditions of Use. People would have to worry less about their future. Variations in practice may be warranted when, in the reasonable judgment of the treating clinician, such course of action is indicated by the condition of the patient, limitations of available resources, or advances in knowledge or technology. According Chernichovsky (2009), the term Socialize medicine is defined as a health system where by which the government owns and operates both the financing of healthcare and also its delivery. Adolescents should be aware that certain insurance carriers itemize explanation of benefits statements 7. Electronic Health Records of Patients in Hospitals: 2. Contradictory viewpoints. Ethical theories provide many different ways to view confidentiality laws. Pros and Cons of Technology in Healthcare. An EHR makes it much easier for a medical practice to track a charge for each procedure performed. Because online therapy involves communication via computers or mobile devices, it has security issues Socialized medicine programs are mostly being financed by the tax payers and therefore if one conceals this information may jeopardize the kind of services that are being provided. Should a doctor disclose to a patients family members the fact that the patient carries a gene for cancer or Alzheimers disease? Confidentiality, Privacy, and Unreliable Technology Keeping your personal information private is a major concern in psychotherapy, but online treatment adds a layer Online Therapy: Security, Ethics, and Legal Issues. Common Law Duty of Confidentiality s Right to Confidential Reproductive Health Care After her murder, the family sued, claiming that the physician should have warned the victim. ACOG does not guarantee, warrant, or endorse the products or services of any firm, organization, or person. Therefore during this era of socialized medicine; the providers should ensure that they put in place measures that would guarantee the privacy, security, rights, and confidentiality of the patients. J Adolesc Health 2019;64:3118. Therefore, a doctor is not under any obligation to reveal threats of minor harm, threats that the doctor does not believe are serious, or general threats where there is no identifiable individual at risk. Parents are often too quick to give medications to lower a fever and make a child more comfortable. Committee on Adolescence. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, posted on the internet, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 409 12th Street SW, Washington, DC 20024-2188Confidentiality in adolescent health care. WebProponents of the right to health care say that no one in one of the richest nations on earth should go without health care. 803. 2023 My Superior Paper. This article explores the use of telehealth and the ability to provide health care to patients through interactive technology and telecommunication tools. Obstetriciangynecologists and other health care providers should be active in educating their staff and patients regarding the confidentiality of services. Challenges Online Therapy This is because; if an individuals privacy is not protected or guaranteed, people find it hard to give complete and candid information about their health even to their own personal physicians leave alone to the insurer. This may mitigate the intimidation some patients may experience from parents or guardians. Confidentiality for adolescents accessing health care is complex, and concerns about lack of confidentiality can be a barrier to receiving appropriate care 2 3. Many people are familiar with the idea of confidentiality as an integral part of the professional code of ethics in the legal, medical, and mental health fields. Importance Of Confidentiality In Health Care Another problem, however is what to do regarding the patient who has discovered a breach of confidentiality. WebDisadvantages of Paper Medical Records. Did you know that according to the Social Security Administration, 1 in 4 of todays 20-year-old Americans Communication Systems in Healthcare Hospitals: 3. of Ethics and HIV Disclosure Hospitals and office-based systems that currently use or are initiating OpenNotes should take steps to ensure that adolescent confidentiality is protected. WebPros And Cons Of Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002. Although laws vary by state, all minors have a right to some confidential health care. Patients should be informed that there are laws protecting their confidentiality in the health care setting. For products jointly developed with other organizations, conflict of interest disclosures by representatives of the other organizations are addressed by those organizations. Pros And Cons Of Confidentiality And The Institution Of HIPAA However, during this era of socialized medicine, it would not be prudent to keep some of the health information about health (Klein,2011). Available at: https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/overview-minors-consent-law. Webthe confidentiality of adolescents health care in-formation are fundamentally necessary to allow health care professionals to provide appropriate health care to adolescents and WebCharge capture refers to tracking each charge to a patient for medical services given. Most EHRs have the capability for patients to view any combination of appointments, medication lists, allergies, most recent vital signs, laboratory values, health care provider notes, and communication between patient and health care provider. The consequences of undermining this duty of confidence would be damaging to the individuals health and treatment. Adolescents should be made aware of specific instances when private information may be disclosed, such as suicidal or homicidal ideation or acts, life-threatening drug misuse, and an eating disorder causing bodily harm 1. Limiting parental or guardian access to information about certain personal issues such as sexuality, substance abuse, and mental health concerns allows adolescent patients to be more comfortable talking with their health care providers about these issues. We are a society strangely obsessed both with privacy and obtaining information. During this era of socialized medicine, there are both pros and cons of confidentiality, rights, safety, and the security of the patients. The statutes and case law governing exceptions can be separated into a number of different areas, including public health, public safety, protection of vulnerable persons, and research. The privacy rule, which is based on requirements contained in HIPAA, provides protection against parents or guardians access to protected health information for the following circumstances: adolescents aged 18 years and older; emancipated minors; minors who can legally consent to services or receive services without parental or guardian consent or notification according to state or other applicable law; or when a parent or guardian assents to an agreement of confidentiality between the minor adolescent and health care provider. An example of how to address this request: the health care provider can review the record to ensure there is no violation of confidentiality (eg, information on sexual activity, STI screening, or gender identity) and then contact the patient directly to make sure that the patient approves of the information contained before its release. Protecting confidential health services for adolescents and young adults: strategies and considerations for health plans . 1. Pros and Cons of US Healthcare One of the biggest problems in confidentiality protections is the lack of clarity about when patient confidentiality can be breached. Pros and Cons Although most If protection of adolescent confidentiality is not possible within their electronic system, the information technology support within individual institutions should be employed to restrict parental access per HIPAA compliance. ET). Ford C, English A, Sigman G. Confidential health care for adolescents: position paper for the Society for Adolescent Medicine. Add sensitive information into the prose of the visit note that is not included in billing or hospital searchable data. The most obvious benefit of utilizing AI technology is its ability to improve patient experiences. J Adolesc Health 2014;54:48790. p. 82810, for complete requirements.) Pros And Cons Pros: A single-payer system offers individuals greater control over their healthcare, providing the ability to choose their doctors based on approach or reputation. All of the different ways of conceptualizing confidentiality include exceptions, allowing disclosure under certain circumstances or to particular agencies. Any potential conflicts have been considered and managed in accordance with ACOGs Conflict of Interest Disclosure Policy. However, there are some circumstances when it is necessary for the obstetriciangynecologist to share private information with a parent or guardian or others. Online medical professionalism: patient and public relationships: policy statement from the American College of Physicians and the Federation of State Medical Boards. This essay examines the pros and cons of the confidentiality, safety, rights, and the security of patients in an era of increased socialized medicine. Explanation of benefits statements (health care billing and insurance claims sent by insurance carriers) are an additional challenge to confidentiality. There should be private conversation time between the health care provider and adolescent patient. Pros and cons Statutes on the rights of minors to consent to health care services vary by state, and obstetriciangynecologists and other health care providers should be familiar with the regulations that apply to their practice. The immediate occasion is 2009, which is shown through the copyright year or the year of Ererere. Ensuring privacy will also guarantee proper communication the patient and the physician; this is quite important as it will ensure provision of quality of care, improved autonomy, prevention of economic harm, discrimination and also an embarrassment. All states and the District of Columbia allow minors to consent to sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing and treatment without parental permission 14. On the other hand, the social health insurance is defined as those systems whereby which people transfer their financial risk of medical bills to a risk pool. Literature discussing confidentiality and AIDS patients supports the notion that health care professionals (including counselors) have a duty to warn and protect at-risk third parties. At least one court has held that a physician may have a duty to disclose genetic information about a patient to immediate family members. All states allow disclosure to third party payers (insurance companies), although in most cases the patient will provide consent to this practice at the time of treatment (generally in a section of most hospital or physician office intake forms) or when one signs the initial coverage contract. How do we weigh the pros and cons of sharing personal health information with others in the medical community and with the government? As a result, officials have tried to develop privacy protections that apply to different settings and circumstances. Retrieved November 15, 2019. Patient Confidentiality: Privacy and Public Health - The Doctor Will Genetic information is likely to be regarded as extremely useful to family members for predicting their own health care needs (possibly even more so than other types of medical information), and thus there may be a strong argument in favor of disclosure after a patient has died. The maintenance of patient confidentiality may be affected by the widespread adoption and integration of electronic health records (EHRs) in clinical care, which may necessitate a closer evaluation of the unique challenge this presents for providers of adolescent health care. New England Journal of Medicine, 361(21), e46. Did you know that according to the Social Security Administration, 1 in 4 of todays 20-year-old Americans will become disabled before age 67?1 HealthMarkets can help you find a health plan should a serious condition leave you unable to work. Obstetriciangynecologists should not misinterpret consent required to provide health care services with consent required to provide education and counseling; that is, even when consent is required by a parent or guardian for provision of contraception, an obstetriciangynecologist may still provide counseling about contraceptive options. Its value also sabotages any effort to solve financing problems. Ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of all e-PHI they create, receive, maintain or transmit. Elk Grove Village (IL): American Academy of Pediatrics; 2017. This information should not be considered as inclusive of all proper treatments or methods of care or as a statement of the standard of care. Its just a matter of figuring out under what circumstances disclosures should occur. Although there are multiple benefits of EHRs, these benefits may conflict with the protection of confidentiality. This is due to the fact that if the doctor might not be able to offer the right care to the patient. Advantages & Disadvantages of an EHR It is helpful to conduct staff sensitivity training on the following topics: Comfort with issues regarding adolescent sexuality, Knowledge about confidentiality issues, including state and local laws, How to provide relevant information to parents or guardians and patients about private conversation time with the adolescent patient and obstetriciangynecologist, How to identify appropriate contact information for the adolescent patient (eg, personal cell phone) and parents or guardians for future follow-up, How to set up a code word to ensure the identity and security of the adolescent patient, Comfort with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or questioning (LGBTQ) issues and pronoun (she, he, they) usage. Conclusion Copyright 2020 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. An overview of consent to reproductive health services by young people . Obstetriciangynecologists should be aware of how the process of the release of medical records of minors is addressed by their institution. An EHR makes it much easier for a medical practice to track a charge for each procedure performed. Klein, C. A. For example, according to the medical ethics scholars Tom Beauchamp and James Childress, confidentiality protections can be justified using three types of arguments: Interestingly, none of these philosophical arguments suggests that confidentiality should not be breached under certain circumstances. Legal Restrictions and Terms of Use: Advantages & Disadvantages of an EHR Obstetriciangynecologists and other health care providers should be active in educating their staff and patients regarding the confidentiality of services. Generally, parents or guardians and adolescents should be informed, both separately and together, that the information each of them shares with the health care provider will be treated as confidential. Annals of internal medicine, 158(8), 620-627. Almost all states have child abuse reporting statutes. The Pros and Cons of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) By Editorial Team. For additional quantities, please contact [emailprotected] Pediatrics 2017;140:e20172858. Implement systemwide changes: train front desk personnel and medical staff who work with EHRs and answer office phone calls to be aware of and advocate for the confidentiality of adolescent patients as they transition into the adult health care system Box 3. The problem is that personal information (which is whats at stake with medical confidentiality) is not protected at law in the same way ones home or bodily integrity is protected. WebPros And Cons Of Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002. Using technology to deliver health care has several advantages, including cost savings, convenience, and the ability to provide care to people Parent or guardian access to the patients visit notes through the electronic patient portal poses the potential that confidential and sensitive information may be accessed, resulting in a breach of confidentiality and potentially adverse outcomes for the adolescent patient. Another problem, however, is what to do regarding the patient who has discovered a breach of confidentiality. Providers should be aware that parents or guardians may coerce their adolescent into sharing portal login information in order to obtain access to the adolescents medical record. Farnan, J. M., Sulmasy, L. S., Worster, B. K., Chaudhry, H. J., Rhyne, J. Therefore, it is important to develop "front-end" safeguards that prevent unauthorized breaches from occurring. Patient Access to Health Records: Pros and Cons The following are examples of how some institutions have provided protection to adolescents; they are not applicable to all institutions or systems: For patients ages 1217-years old, manage or restrict parental or guardian access to provider notes. Missouri specifically requires physicians to report drug dependent minors to the health department, and New Jersey expands the requirement to all drug dependent patients. The pros and cons of TriTerm Medical insurance Breaking Confidentiality in Clients with Many institutions struggle to meet the current standard for providing access to and maintaining the confidentiality of sensitive portions of the medical record as required by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 4. When feasible, obstetriciangynecologists and other health care providers should work with government agencies and legislative bodies to eliminate or mitigate the effect of laws that unduly restrict confidential health services for minor adolescents. New York, NY: Guttmacher Institute; 2019. Electronic Medical Records: Pros and Cons | Virtru The Pros And Cons Of Confidentiality | ipl.org - Internet Public ACOG Committee Opinion No. Alderman EM. Any updates to this document can be found on acog.org or by calling the ACOG Resource Center. Abstract. Breaching an individuals confidentiality and privacy do not only affect an individuals dignity, and might as well cause harm (Gostin, Levit & Nass, 2009). OpenNotes. State laws typically either address the type of information (usually based on disease or illness) or the entity holding the information (such as government agencies), or both. Telehealth: The advantages and disadvantages - Harvard Health Employed physician in academic institution. Cons: Physicians have less autonomy and less continuity with patients. Although this can be viewed as a good thing because patients do have the right to see their own health data, it also opens doors for security concerns. Neither ACOG nor its officers, directors, members, employees, or agents will be liable for any loss, damage, or claim with respect to any liabilities, including direct, special, indirect, or consequential damages, incurred in connection with this publication or reliance on the information presented.All ACOG committee members and authors have submitted a conflict of interest disclosure statement related to this published product. This document has been updated to include information on patient portals, guidance on the release of medical records, examples of ways to safeguard adolescent patients confidentiality, and talking points to use with parents and guardians. What Is Supplemental Disability Insurance? 4th ed. Con: Healthcare data security concerns Patient portals, generally speaking, are a health IT interface on which patients can view their own protected health information (PHI). 4. Offering clinician note feedback. By concealing the information about health, the patient may under cover through the socialized health cover. The first is how to define confidentiality, since there are many different types, with different objectives at heart. There is little to no control over income distribution. Although many genetic traits may be passed on to ones children, they clearly are not transmissible in the same way as contagious diseases and thus do not exactly fit under a discussion of public health concerns. Available at: Confidentiality in Adolescent Health Care, Addressing Patients and Parents or Guardians About Confidentiality, Provision of Health Care to Adolescent Patients, Suggestions for Protecting Adolescent Confidentiality Within Institutions, https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/explore/overview-minors-consent-law, https://www.aafp.org/about/policies/all/adolescent-confidentiality.html, https://www.nihcm.org/component/content/article/5-issue-brief/1287-protecting-confidential-health-services-for-adolescents-young-adults, https://www.opennotes.org/tools-resources/for-health-care-providers/implementation-toolkit/, https://www.cahl.org/state-minor-consent-laws-a-summary-third-edition, Alliance for Innovation on Women's Health, Postpartum Contraceptive Access Initiative. While ACOG makes every effort to present accurate and reliable information, this publication is provided as is without any warranty of accuracy, reliability, or otherwise, either express or implied. While it is generally accepted that patients must consent before being entered into a research study, some state laws explicitly carve out an exception to confidentiality restrictions, allowing access to medical records for research purposes. Rules regarding privacy and confidentiality apply to a telehealth setting as much as they do to one that's face to face. WebSolution for Explain the pros and cons of multipurpose pins on microcontrollers. social media in contemporary nursing: risks and benefits Obstetriciangynecologists are encouraged to ensure conversation time alone with adolescents to clarify the adolescents privileges regarding the release of information and to obtain appropriate and preferred contact method. We may have to disclose private information to protect a patients safety. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, posted on the internet, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Most EHRs were not designed to provide item-specific control over parental or guardian access and release of adolescent health care information. According to a study from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, under a single-payer system, in which all citizens are guaranteed a right to health care, total public and private health care spending could be lowered by up to $1.8 trillion over the next 10 An EHR makes it much easier for a medical practice to track a charge for each procedure pros and cons
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